8th Class History Book free Download

The authors of the book areMunawar Ibn-e-Sadiq

• Qazi Abdul Qadeer
• Dr. Azhar Hameed
• Prof. Basheeruddin Malik
• Prof. Ansarul Hassan
• Dr. Muhammad Shafi Mirza
• Dr. Shahbaz Khan
• Malik Ameeruddin Ahsan
• Mehar Safdar Waleed
• Aliya Anwar Shah
• 

• 
  

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Biology 9th Download free Book URDU M

Biology is the examine of life. As human beings are residing matters, we’ve got a natural feel of interest and affection towards lifestyles and the way has end up.

HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostasis is the act of keeping a tremendously constant inner environment within an organism’s cells. Cells function most correctly in a certain variety of situations and because the surroundings changes round them, they constantly paintings to hold their internal surroundings in a finest situation. Cells are operating to hold elements consisting of the concentrations of water, salt and sugar, the temperature in the cellular, and oxygen concentrations.

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Pakistan Studies 9th | Download Free Book

Coaching of Pakistan research
PAKISTAN studies is a subject that pursuits at improving college students’ understanding approximately history, way of life and geography of Pakistan and to inculcate patriotism inside the hearts of students in order that they may emerge as a very good citizen.
despite the fact that Pakistan studies is a obligatory difficulty from magnificence IX as much as the university degree, it is an wonderful reality that most of the college students are blind to crucial historic figures and events.
even supposing they recognise some, it’s just the names of some of the well-known personalities and not the information about their achievements, lifestyles and causes of success or downfall.
The books on Pakistan research of different levels cover the topics which can be repeated in they all.

there may be no want to teach about the ones decided on topics at every stage. as a substitute the need is to consist of greater subjects, which can be informative, as well as beneficial, for the students.

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English 9th Download free Book

Essay on English Language: The global Language
Language is important as it’s one of the most important methods to speak and have interaction with other people round us. It continues us in touch with different people. English language is an instance for the significance of a language due to the fact it’s miles the worldwide language and has grown to be the most vital language to people in many elements of the arena. Its miles maximum broadly utilized in speaking round the arena, additionally it’s far spoken because the first language in many nations. English is gambling a major role in many sections like training, medicinal drug, engineering and commercial enterprise. There are numerous reasons that makes English is the maximum vital language inside the international.
Language is vital as it’s one of the predominant ways to talk and interact with different humans around us. It keeps us in contact with different human beings. English language is an example for the significance of a language because it’s far the worldwide language and has end up the most vital language to people in many components of the sector. It’s far maximum extensively used in communicating around the world, additionally it’s far spoken as the first language in many countries. English is gambling a major position in lots of sections like education, medication, engineering and business. There are numerous reasons that makes English is the most essential language inside the world.
the article lists four motives why English is critical the primary reason is that despite the fact that English isn’t always an reputable language around the sector however it is the maximum common language is used to talk around billion makes use of frequently. the second cause is that learning English may be very crucial and necessary for the commercial enterprise world, researchers’ show that pass-border enterprise verbal exchange is in English and studying it modifications our lives. Moving to the 0.33 point English is mostly used in publishing books, making films, track and a whole lot of enjoyable matters.

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Computer Science 9th Download free Book

A PC system has three important additives: hardware, software, and people. The device related to a computer gadget is called hardware. Software is a hard and fast of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Humans, however, are the maximum essential issue of a computer gadget – humans use the strength of the laptop for some cause. In fact, this course will show you that the computer may be a device for pretty much absolutely everyone from an enterprise individual, to an artist, to a housekeeper, to a scholar – a very powerful and bendy device.
Software program is simply a computer application. To be more unique, a application is a set of step-by means of-step commands that directs the pc to do the obligations you need it to do and to produce the consequences you want. A pc programmer is a person who writes packages. Maximum of us do now not write applications, we use applications written by using a person else. This indicates we are users – people who buy and use computer software.
Hardware: meeting the machine
What is a computer? A six-yr.-vintage known as a pc “radio, films, and TV combined!” a 10-yr-old described a laptop as “a television set you may communicate to.” the 10-yr-vintage’s definition is nearer however nevertheless does now not recognize the computer as a gadget that has the power to make modifications.
A pc is a system that may be programmed to accept facts (enter), method it into beneficial data (output), and store it away (in a secondary garage tool) for safekeeping or later reuse. The processing of enter to output is directed by using the software however achieved through the hardware.

To function, a computer machine calls for 4 fundamental factors of information handling: input, processing, output, and garage. The hardware liable for these 4 regions operates as follows:
• enter gadgets receive records in a shape that the pc can use; they then send the statistics to the processing unit.
• The processor, more officially known as the primary processing unit (CPU), has the

digital circuitry that manipulates input records into the data humans want. The crucial processing unit executes computer commands which can be detailed within the application.
• Output devices display human beings the processed facts-statistics in a shape that they are able to use.
• Storage usually approach secondary storage. Secondary garage consists of devices, such as diskettes, that can store statistics and applications outside the PC itself. Those devices supplement the laptop’s reminiscence, which, as we can see, can maintain statistics and applications most effective briefly.

Your personal computer hardware
Let us examine the hardware in phrases of a personal laptop. Assume you need to do phrase processing on a personal computer, using the hardware shown in discern 1.
Now we will take a well-known tour of the hardware wished for input, processing, output, and storage. Those equal additives make up all pc structures, whether or not small, medium, or massive. On this dialogue we are able to try to emphasize the sorts of hardware you are likely to have seen on your personal surroundings. Those topics will be blanketed in detail in later chapters.

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9th Class Urdu Book Download free Book

The authors of the book are

• Prof. Dr. Zia-ul-Hassan
• Dr. Muhammad Saleh Tahir
• Prof. Dr. Asif Awan
• Prof. Muhammad Naeem Bazmi
• Prof. Asad Ayub Niazi

Learn Urdu free utilizing book

Urdu is considered as a part of the Indo-Iranian dialects. It is talked in Pakistan and a couple of Indian states. Urdu is the local dialect of around 60 million individuals. It is the national dialect in Pakistan. It is additionally perceived as one of the 22 official dialects in India. Urdu is firmly identified with Hindi. The two dialects are essentially only two communists of Hindustani. Hindustani rose up out of various dialects in northern India beginning in the thirteenth century. Today Urdu and Hindi are viewed as two autonomous dialects. Speakers of these dialects can speak with each other effortlessly however.

The semiotic framework is the thing that obviously separates the two. Urdu is composed with a rendition of the Persian-Arabic letter set, while Hindi isn’t. Urdu is exceptionally unmistakable as an abstract dialect. It is additionally frequently utilized as a part of huge film preparations. Learn Urdu – it is the way to the way of life of South Asia!

Learn Urdu for tenderfoots is one of more than 50 dialect courses that we offer. Books is a viable method to learn Urdu. Every one of our materials are accessible both on the web and as iPhone and Android applications. You can effectively learn Urdu all alone utilizing this course! The lessons are plainly organized and will enable you to accomplish your objectives. Take in the new dialect quick utilizing the 100 subjects in the lessons. The MP3 documents in the lessons are talked by local speakers. They make it less demanding to learn articulation. Indeed, even tenderfoots can learn Urdu proficiently with the down to earth sentences in book2.

In the first place you will take in the rudiments of the dialect. Test discoursed will enable you to talk the outside dialect. Earlier learning isn’t required. Indeed, even propelled students can revive and fortify their insight. You will learn much of the time utilized sentences and can utilize them promptly. You will have the capacity to convey in different circumstances. Utilize your break or drive to learn Urdu for a couple of minutes. You can realize when voyaging and at home. You are in a hurry and can learn Urdu anyplace.

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Physics 9th Class Book (English / URDU Medium) Free Download

The authors of the book are Prof. Tahir Hassan and Prof. Muhammad Naeem Anwar.

The Case for Physics
Trefil refers back to the “physics first” technique presented through 1988 Nobel Laureate Leon Lederman in his Chicago-based instructional reforms. Trefil’s analysis is this technique is especially beneficial for older (i.e. excessive school age) students, at the same time as he believes the greater conventional biology first curriculum is suitable for younger (elementary & center faculty) students.

In short, this approach emphasizes the concept that physics is the maximum essential of sciences. Chemistry is implemented physics, after all, and biology (in it is present day shape, at least) is largely carried out chemistry. You could of path amplify beyond that into more precise fields … zoology, ecology, & genetics are all further applications of biology, for example.

However the factor is that all of technology can, in principle, be reduced down to essential physics ideas inclusive of thermodynamics and nuclear physics. In reality, that is how physics advanced historically: fundamental concepts of physics had been decided through Galileo whilst biology nonetheless consisted of diverse theories of spontaneous era, in the end.

Consequently, grounding a scientific schooling in physics makes best sense, due to the fact it’s far the inspiration of technological know-how.

From physics, you can expand evidently into the greater specialized packages, going from thermodynamics & nuclear physics into chemistry, for instance, and from mechanics & cloth physics ideas into engineering.

The route cannot be followed easily in reverse, going from an information of ecology right into a know-how of biology right into a know-how of chemistry and so forth. The smaller the sub-category of expertise you’ve got, the much less it is able to be generalized. The extra widespread the information, the more it may be applied to precise situations. As such, the fundamental expertise of physics will be the maximum useful scientific understanding, if a person had to choose which areas to take a look at.

And all of this makes feel, because physics is the observe of count number, energy, space and time, without which there would be not anything in lifestyles to react or thrive or live or die.

The whole universe is constructed upon of the ideas revealed by means of a have a look at of physics.

Why Scientists want Non-technological know-how schooling
While close to nicely rounded education, I suppose I should also factor out that the alternative argument holds simply as strongly: someone who is analyzing science wishes on the way to characteristic in society, and this entails know-how the entire culture (not just the techno-lifestyle) involved. The splendor of Euclidean geometry isn’t inherently extra beautiful than the words of Shakespeare … it’s simply beautiful in a specific manner.

In my revel in, scientists (and physicists especially) have a tendency to be fairly nicely rounded in their hobbies. The classic instance is the violin-playing virtuoso of physics, Albert Einstein. One of the few exceptions is possibly medical students, who lack diversity more due to time constraints than loss of interest.

A firm draw close of technology, without any grounding within the rest of the arena, provides little know-how of the arena, let alone appreciation for it. Political or cultural problems do now not take case in a few form of scientific vacuum, in which ancient & cultural issues need not be taken under consideration.

Even as I’ve regarded many scientists who sense that they are able to objectively compare the arena in a rational, scientific way, the truth is that important troubles in society by no means contain only medical questions. The Manhattan project, for example, became no longer merely a scientific organization, but also clearly brought on questions that amplify a long way outside of the realm of physics.

      ENGLISH                                                            URDU                                                 

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Chemistry 9th Class Book (English/URDU Medium) Free Download

The authors of the book are Dr. Jalil Tariq and Dr. Irshad Ahmed Chatha.

What is the importance of chemistry, and why would you need to find out about it? Chemistry is the have a look at of matter and its interactions with other count number and strength. Here’s a study the significance of chemistry and why you must look at it.
Chemistry has a recognition for being a complicated and dull science, however for the maximum part, that reputation is undeserved. Fireworks and explosions are based on chemistry, so it is honestly no longer a humdrum technology.
If you take classes in chemistry, you will follow math and logic that can make reading chemistry an undertaking in case you are vulnerable in those areas. However, each person can recognize the fundamentals of how things paintings… and that is the observe of chemistry. In a nutshell, the importance of chemistry is that it explains the sector around you.
Significance of Taking Chemistry
Each person can and have to understand basic chemistry, however it is able to be crucial to take a course in chemistry or maybe make a career out of it. It is vital to understand chemistry if you are analyzing any of the sciences due to the fact all the sciences contain remember and the interactions among sorts of matter. Students wanting to end up docs, nurses, physicists, nutritionists, geologists, pharmacists, and (of course) chemists all observe chemistry. You would possibly want to make a career of chemistry due to the fact chemistry-related jobs are plentiful and high-paying. The significance of chemistry won’t be dwindled over the years, so it’s going to stay a promising career path.
Chemistry is not just in the lecture room
One not unusual complaint about chemistry is that it counts for the equal credit hours as every other class, but calls for lots greater from you both in class and outdoor it. You have a complete lecture time table, plus a lab, problems and a lab write-up to do outdoor of class, and perhaps a pre-lab or examine session to wait. That is a big time commitment! Whilst that might not make chemistry more tough, it ends in burn-out a lot earlier than with some studies. You have much less loose time to wrap your head around the material in your personal phrases.
Chemistry makes use of Math
You have to be at ease with math up through algebra to recognize and work chemistry issues. Geometry comes in reachable, plus you will want calculus is you’re taking your take a look at of chemistry far sufficient. Part of the reason many human beings discover chemistry so daunting is because they may be learning (or re-gaining knowledge of) math at the equal time they’re studying chemistry principles.

ENGLISH                                                         URDU

                                                           

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Mathematics for 9th Class Download free Book

The Islamic Empire established across Persia, the Middle East, significant Asia, North Africa, Iberia and elements of India from the eighth Century onwards made tremendous contributions closer to mathematics. They had been able to draw on and fuse together the mathematical traits of each Greece and India.
One effect of the Islamic prohibition on depicting the human shape become the huge use of complicated geometric patterns to enhance their buildings, elevating mathematics to the form of an art. In reality, over time, Muslim artists located all of the unique sorts of symmetry that may be depicted on a 2-dimensional surface.
The Quran itself encouraged the buildup of knowledge, and a Golden Age of Islamic technology and arithmetic flourished for the duration of the medieval length from the 9th to fifteenth Centuries. The house of awareness become set up in Baghdad round 810, and work started out almost right now on translating the most important Greek and Indian mathematical and astronomy works into Arabic.
The great Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi turned into an early Director of the house of information within the ninth Century, and one of the finest of early Muslim mathematicians. Possibly Al-Khwarizmi’s maximum important contribution to arithmetic was his strong advocacy of the Hindu numerical system (1 – nine and zero), which he recognized as having the electricity and efficiency needed to revolutionize Islamic (and, later, Western) arithmetic, and which was quickly adopted by using the whole Islamic global, and later with the aid of Europe as properly.
Al-Khwarizmi’s other important contribution turned into algebra, and he introduced the fundamental algebraic strategies of “discount” and “balancing” and furnished an exhaustive account of solving polynomial equations up to the second one degree. in this manner, he helped create the effective abstract mathematical language still used internationally today, and allowed a much extra widespread manner of studying issues other than simply the particular troubles previously considered through the Indians and Chinese language.
The 10th Century Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Karaji labored to increase algebra still in addition, releasing it from its geometrical background, and added the principle of algebraic calculus. Al-Karaji became the primary to apply the technique of proof by mathematical induction to show his effects, by means of proving that the first announcement in an countless sequence of statements is actual, after which proving that, if anyone declaration inside the series is real, then so is the next one.

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Biology 10th Download free Book

Biological Divinity

Deities in religion and myth live as the only beings able to maintain everlasting life. For the rest of existence, death is considered inevitable. Although avoidable outside forces account for the majority of fatalities, aging remains the only killer deemed inescapable. Aging brings about some positive changes, such as increased strength and mobility. Other changes, however, negatively impact physical and mental capacity. What if scientists could discover the secret to controlling the aging process? With increased research of particular, unusual organisms, this outlandish fantasy can potentially become a reality. Certain life forms have the ability to escape aging and combat death through biological processes. The Hydra, an incredibly simple multicellular organism, provides an example of such a life form. Despite its small size, less than one-half inch long, the Hydra’s odd power to regenerate tissue may prove useful to humans. “The Hydra is in a constant, steady state, and from it you can learn the basic biological principles of higher animals,” said Richard Campbell, a professor and researcher of developmental and cell biology at the University of California, Irvine. The budding process, which takes the place of mating in these organisms, may allow the Hydra, a simple polyp, to achieve immortality. With budding, a type of asexual reproduction, the offspring develops from a part of the parent. Thus, the Hydra earned its fitting name from Greek Mythology’s “Lernaean Hydra,” a creature with many heads able to replace one lost head with three others in its place. Similar to the Lernaean Hydra, the Hydra does not die easily due to its regenerative ability. This process makes it similar to another organism that can avoid aging: the planarian flatworm. Both organisms can recreate large amounts of tissue from a relatively small part of the original organism.
The fact that stem cells become unable to proliferate, or multiply, with age causes negative aging effects in humans. The stem cells of a Hydra, however, remain permanently active through the budding process, allowing it to avoid aging altogether. Research by the University of Kiel has shown that the Foxo gene allows the stem cells of a Hydra to remain active for its entire lifetime. “Surprisingly, our search for the gene that causes Hydra to be immortal led us to the so-called Foxo gene,” said Anna-Marie Böhm, a doctoral student at the University of Kiel.Strangely, the Foxo gene also causes aging in humans. “Our research group demonstrated for the first time that there is a direct link between the Foxo gene and aging,” said Thomas Bosch of the University of Kiel. Because humans and Hydra share the same gene responsible for aging, Hydra could become critical in future study of human anti-aging processes. Amazingly, organisms other than the Hydra and planarian flatworm possess immortal capabilities. One microscopic organism classified as an extremophile can accomplish more than merely escaping death by aging. The tardigrade, more commonly referred to as “water bear” or “moss piglet,” has the ability to survive in extreme conditions, such as severe heat surpassing the boiling point of water to temperatures only slightly above absolute zero. In addition to bitter temperatures, the tardigrade can survive pressures stronger than those in the deepest ocean trenches and can live 10 years without food or water. Furthermore, in 2007 the tardigrade became the first organism to survive in the vacuum of space. How can the tardigrade persevere under these circumstances? Every time a tardigrade comes into contact with these extreme conditions, it goes into a state of dormancy called cryptobiosis. In the study of biology, several different types of crypto biotic responses exist. These types include anhydrobiosis, a response to lack of water; anoxybiosis, a response to lack of oxygen; chemobiosis, a response to nearby harmful toxins; cryobiosis, a response to low temperatures; and osmobiosis, a response to a high amount of solute in a solution in which an organism lives. The strange nature of the tardigrade allows it to undergo every known type of cryptobiosis! When undergoing cryptobiosis, the tardigrade does not appear to age, and it can rehydrate at any time and continue roaming the earth in essentially any available habitat. Compared to Hydra, tardigrades have more traits in common with humans. In How to Find Tardigrades, Michael Shaw said, “… they are similar to us in some ways. They have a mouth, an alimentary tract, and they eat food and excrete it like we do. “Evidently, the techniques used by potentially immortal organisms operate differently. Research of the different organisms, therefore, can become useful to the human race in multiple ways. For example, Hydra research could allow scientists to modify the Foxo gene to stop negative aging effects altogether. Tardigrade research, however, would more likely help develop ways to preserve living tissue for extended periods of time.The turritopsis dohrnii, nicknamed the “immortal jellyfish,” has the ability to defeat aging in a peculiar way. It can basically transform from an “adult” into a young jellyfish when necessary. One might describe its aging process as opposite to that of humans, which may prove useful in helping people to maintain self-sufficiency throughout the end of their life. “Increasing human longevity has no meaning, it is ecological nonsense. What we may expect and work on is to improve the quality of life in our final stages,” said Stefano Piraino from the University of Salento.

Another organism, the lobster, has a relatively backward aging cycle similar to that of the immortal jellyfish. Immortality in applications of biology lobsters may seem unlikely, but lobsters actually become more functional with age. They grow larger by molting and become more fertile, but they do not revert back to a state of youth like the immortal jellyfish. “These species of course still die. They get diseases, they are injured or hunted. But unlike humans, they don’t die as a result of their own metabolisms – there doesn’t seem to be a built-in life expectancy in their cells,” said biologist Simon Watt.Biological immortality also defines cells that the “Hayflick limit” does not affect. The Hayflick limit shows the amount of cell division that will occur until cells become unable to divide. The HeLa cells, cancerous cells of the late Henrietta Lacks, represent one famous example of cells described as biologically immortal. This example of immortality could uncover new ways to make cells continually divide for life, similar to the cells of a Hydra. Immortality may seem like a divine power too potent for life on earth. As it turns out, evolution has produced several organisms that can carefully achieve immortality. With intensive research of these organisms, the ability to prevent the debilitating effects of aging while exacerbating its positive effects may become possible in the not-so-distant future.

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